Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Temple In Jerusalem & The Ark Of The Covenant MP4 Download DVD
Today, September 23, 2025

Shana Tova! And a Happy Jewish New Year to all! ========= September 22-24, 2025: Rosh Hashanah, literally meaning the "head the year", the Jewish New Year, begins at sundown September 22, 2025, lasts all day on September 23, 2025 and ends at sundown on September 23, 2025. The biblical name for this holiday is Yom Teruah, literally "day of shouting or blasting". It is the first of the Jewish High Holy Days (Yamim Nora'im. "Days of Awe") specified by Leviticus 23:23-32 that occur in the early autumn of the Northern Hemisphere. Rosh Hashanah is a two-day celebration that begins on the first day of Tishrei, which is the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year. In contrast to the ecclesiastical year, where the first month Nisan, the Passover month, marks Israel's exodus from Egypt, Rosh Hashanah marks the beginning of the civil year, according to the teachings of Judaism, and is the traditional anniversary of the creation of Adam and Eve, the first man and woman according to the Hebrew Bible, and the inauguration of humanity's role in God's world. According to one secular opinion, the holiday owes its timing to the beginning of the economic year in Southwest Asia and Northeast Africa, marking the start of the agricultural cycle. Rosh Hashanah customs include sounding the shofar (a cleaned-out ram's horn), as prescribed in the Torah, following the prescription of the Hebrew Bible to "raise a noise" on Yom Teruah. Its rabbinical customs include attending synagogue services and reciting special liturgy about teshuva, as well as enjoying festive meals. Eating symbolic foods is now a tradition, such as apples dipped in honey, hoping to evoke a sweet new year. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/teinjearkofc.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Franklin D. Roosevelt Speeches DVD, MP3 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, September 23, 2025

September 23: Dogs In Politics Day: -- September 23, 1944: The 1944 United States Presidential Election: The Fala Speech: -- On September 23, 1944, Roosevelt began his 1944 presidential campaign in Washington, D.C., speaking at a dinner with the International Teamsters Union. The half-hour speech was also broadcast by all U.S. radio networks. In the speech, Roosevelt criticized Republican opponents in Congress and detailed their criticisms of him. Late in the speech, Roosevelt addressed Republican charges that he had accidentally left Fala behind on the Aleutian Islands while on tour there and had sent a U.S. Navy destroyer to retrieve him at an exorbitant cost to the taxpayers: "These Republican leaders have not been content with attacks on me, or my wife, or on my sons. No, not content with that, they now include my little dog, Fala. Well, of course, I don't resent attacks, and my family don't resent attacks, but Fala does resent them. You know, Fala is Scotch, and being a Scottie, as soon as he learned that the Republican fiction writers in Congress and out had concocted a story that I'd left him behind on an Aleutian island and had sent a destroyer back to find him-- at a cost to the taxpayers of two or three, or eight or twenty million dollars-- his Scotch soul was furious. He has not been the same dog since. I am accustomed to hearing malicious falsehoods about myself ... But I think I have a right to resent, to object, to libelous statements about my dog." The idea of turning the Republican charges into a joke was that of Orson Welles. Campaigning extensively for Roosevelt, Welles occasionally sent him ideas and phrases that were sometimes incorporated into what Welles characterized as "less important speeches". One of these was the "Fala speech". Welles ad-libbed the Fala joke for the president, who was so delighted that he had a final version written into the speech by his staff. After the broadcast Roosevelt asked Welles, "How did I do? Was my timing right?" "The audience went wild, laughing and cheering and calling for more," wrote historian Doris Kearns Goodwin. "And the laughter carried beyond the banquet hall; it reverberated in living rooms and kitchens throughout the country, where people were listening to the speech on their radios. The Fala bit was so funny, one reporter observed, that 'even the stoniest of Republican faces cracked a smile.'" On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/franklin-roosevelt-mp3-dvd-fireside-chats-and-wwii-radi3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Millhouse: A White Comedy (1971) Richard Nixon Farce MP4 Download DVD
Today, September 23, 2025

September 23: National Checkers Day: -- September 23, 1952: The 1942 United States Presidential Election: The Checkers Speech (The Fund Speech): -- Republican candidate for Vice President, California Senator Richard Nixon, deliveres his Checkers Speech on television and radio to address accusations of financial misdeeds. The Checkers Speech or Fund Speech was an address made to answer accusations of improprieties made against him relating to a fund established by his backers to reimburse him for his political expenses. With his place on the Republican ticket in doubt, he flew to Los Angeles and delivered a half-hour television address in which he defended himself, attacked his opponents, and urged the audience to contact the Republican National Committee (RNC) to tell it whether he should remain on the ticket. During the speech, he stated that regardless of what anyone said, he intended to keep one gift: a black-and-white dog who had been named Checkers by the Nixon children, thus giving the address its popular name. Nixon, as he related in his address, came from a family of modest means, and had spent much of his time after law school either in the military, campaigning for office, or serving in Congress. After his successful 1950 Senate campaign, Nixon's backers continued to raise money to finance his political activities. These contributions went to reimburse him for travel costs, postage for political mailings which he did not have "franked" (postage marked official congressional business and therefore free of postal charge), and similar expenses. Such a fund was not illegal at the time, but, because Nixon had made a point of attacking government corruption, it exposed him to charges he might be giving special favors to the contributors. The press became aware of the fund in September 1952, two months after Nixon's selection as General Dwight D. Eisenhower's running mate. Within a few days, the story grew until the controversy threatened Nixon's place on the ticket. In an attempt to turn the tide of public opinion, Nixon broke off a whistle-stop tour of the West Coast to fly to Los Angeles to make a television and radio broadcast to the nation; the $75,000 to buy the television time was raised by the RNC. The idea for the Checkers reference came from Franklin Roosevelt's Fala speech-given eight years to the day before Nixon's address-in which Roosevelt mocked Republican claims that he had sent a destroyer to fetch his dog, Fala, when the dog was supposedly left behind in the Aleutian Islands. Nixon's speech was seen or heard by about 60 million Americans, including the largest television audience to that time, and led to an outpouring of public support. A huge majority of the millions of telegrams and phone calls received by the RNC and other political offices supported Nixon. He was retained on the ticket, which then swept to victory weeks later in November 1952. The Checkers speech was an early example of a politician using television to appeal directly to the electorate, but has since sometimes been mocked or denigrated. Checkers speech has come more generally to mean any emotional speech by a politician. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/millhouse-a-white-comedy-dvd-1971-richard-nixon-documen1971.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Before Stonewall The Making Of A Gay And Lesbian Community DVD MP4 USB
Today, September 23, 2025

September 23: Bisexuality Day (Celebrate Bisexuality Day): -- A part of the Bisexual Awareness Week celebrations held in September, today reminds people of the history and struggles faced by the bisexual community. A bisexual person is someone who is not exclusively attracted to people of one particular gender. The flag that represents the bisexual community has three colors - purple, blue, and pink. Celebrate Bisexuality Day teaches us that every person is deserving of love and respect, no matter how different they might seem from us. It's a day that teaches us acceptance. Celebrate Bisexuality Day was first organized by Wendy Curry, Michael Page, and Gigi Raven Wilbur. The day was first officially observed in 1999 by the International Lesbian and Gay Association Conference in Johannesburg, South Africa. The purpose of the celebration was to raise awareness of the challenges faced by bisexuals around the world, and their fair demand to be treated respectfully. The founders were especially worried about the various experiences of marginalization and discrimination that bisexuals face from both the straight and LGBTQ communities. The bisexual identity is often brushed aside by some members of the straight community as "being confused" or simply "closeted gay." While on the other hand, the LGBT community sometimes categorizes bisexuals as "undecided" or even as traitors to the LGBT community. This makes it particularly difficult for bisexual people to openly embrace their identity, and discourages those in the closet from coming out. Historically, bisexuals have been an often ignored group along with the LGBT community. While many are of the assumption that there exists no such thing as bisexuality, some think that bisexuals tend to be promiscuous. For some members of the bisexual community, this is taking a serious toll. So much so that a Human Rights Council report found that bisexuals had higher rates of anxiety, depression, and STIs than any other group. Therefore, Celebrate Bisexuality Day ends up serving two purposes, one to raise awareness of bisexuals everywhere, and the second to help prevent the prejudice faced by bisexuals. The day is celebrated every year with teach-ins, poetry readings, parties, picnics, festivals, and awareness events. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/before-stonewall-the-making-of-a-gay-and-lesbian-community-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Roman Legions Documentary Set MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, September 23, 2025

September 23, 63 BC: #BOTD: #HBD! Augustus (Latin: Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus), also known as Octavian, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, Imperator Caesar and Imperator Caesar Augustus, founder and first Emperor of the Roman Empire who reigned from January 16, 27 BC until his death, after whom the month of August is named (d. August 19, 14 AD) is #born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian gens Octavia in Rome at Ox Head, a small property on the Palatine Hill, very close to the Roman Forum. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir, then known as Octavianus (Anglicized as Octavian). He, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at the Battle Of Philippi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as military dictators. The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members. Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian in 31 BC. After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies. In reality, however, he retained his autocratic power over the Republic as a military dictator. By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor. It took several years for Augustus to develop the framework within which a formally republican state could be led under his sole rule. He rejected monarchical titles, and instead called himself Princeps Civitatis ("First Citizen of the State"). The resulting constitutional framework became known as the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire. The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana (The Roman Peace). The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries, despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the Empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the "Year of the Four Emperors" over the imperial succession. Augustus dramatically enlarged the Empire, including annexing Egypt, Dalmatia, Pannonia, Noricum, and Raetia. Beyond the frontiers, he secured the Empire with a buffer region of client states and made peace with the Parthian Empire through diplomacy. He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the city during his reign. Augustus died in Nola, Italy where his father had died, aged 75. Both Tacitus and Cassius Dio wrote that Livia was rumored to have brought about Augustus' death by poisoning fresh figs, which rumors largely inspired author Robert Graves' celebrated novels I, Claudius and Claudius The God. This assassination theme features largely in other modern works of historical fiction pertaining to Augustus' life, though some historians view it as likely to have been a salacious fabrication made by those who had favoured Postumus as heir, or other political enemies of Tiberius. Livia had long been the subject of similar rumors of poisoning on the behalf of her son. It has also been suggestged that Livia did supply a poisoned fig (she did cultivate a variety of fig named for her that Augustus is said to have enjoyed) as a means of assisted suicide rather than murder; Augustus' health had been in decline in the months immediately before his death, and he had made significant preparations for a smooth transition in power, having at last reluctantly settled on Tiberius as his choice of heir. According to this theory, it was considered likely that Augustus was not expected to return alive from Nola, but when it seemed that his health improved while there, Augustus and Livia conspired to end his life at the anticipated time, having committed all political process to accepting Tiberius, his adopted son (also stepson and former son-in-law) by Livia, in order to not endanger that transition. Augustus' famous last words were, "Have I played the part well? Then applaud as I exit" ("Acta est fabula, plaudite") -- referring to the play-acting and regal authority that he had put on as emperor. An enormous funerary procession of mourners traveled with Augustus' body from Nola to Rome, and all public and private businesses closed on the day of his burial. Tiberius and his son Drusus delivered the eulogy while standing atop two rostra. Augustus' body was coffin-bound and cremated on a pyre close to The Mausoleum Of Augustus in Rome in which he was buried. It was proclaimed that Augustus joined the company of the gods as a member of the Roman pantheon. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-roman-legions-documentary-set-mp4-video-download-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Mongol Hordes: Storm From The East TV Series DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025

September 23, 1215: #BOTD: #HBD! Kublai Khan, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu Of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, Mongolian emperor, fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294, founder OF the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruler as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294 (d. February 18, 1294) is #born at an unrecording place with the Mongolian Empire. Kublai was the fourth son of Tolui and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He succeeded his older brother Mongke as Khagan in 1260, but had to defeat his younger brother Ariq Boke in the Toluid Civil War lasting until 1264. This episode marked the beginning of disunity in the empire. Kublai's real power was limited to China and Mongolia, though as Khagan he still had influence in the Ilkhanate and, to a significantly lesser degree, in the Golden Horde. If one counts the Mongol Empire at that time as a whole, his realm reached from the Pacific Ocean to the Black Sea, from Siberia to what is now Afghanistan: one fifth of the world's inhabited land area. In 1271, Kublai established the Yuan dynasty, which ruled over present-day Mongolia, China, Korea, and some adjacent areas, and assumed the role of Emperor of China. By 1279, the Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty was completed and Kublai became the first non-native emperor to conquer all of China. Kublai became increasingly despondent after the deaths of his favorite wife and his son and chosen heir Zhenjin. The failure of the military campaigns in Vietnam and Japan also haunted him. Kublai turned to food and drink for comfort, became grossly overweight, and suffered gout and diabetes. The emperor overindulged in alcohol and the traditional meat-rich Mongol diet, which may have contributed to his gout. Kublai sank into depression due to the loss of his family, his poor health and advancing age. Kublai tried every medical treatment available, from Korean shamans to Vietnamese doctors, and remedies and medicines, but to no avail. At the end of 1293, the emperor refused to participate in the traditional New Years ceremony. Before his death, Kublai passed the seal of Crown Prince to Zhenjin's son Temur, who would become the next Khagan of the Mongol Empire and the second ruler of the Yuan dynasty. Seeking an old companion to comfort him in his final illness, the palace staff could choose only Bayan, more than 30 years his junior. Kublai weakened steadily until he died aged 78 in Khanbaliq, Yuan China. Two days later, the funeral cortege took his body to the burial place of the khans in Burkhan Khaldun, Mongolia. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-mongol-hordes-storm-from-the-east-tv-series-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Combat At Sea Documentary Series + Bonus MP4 Video Download DVD Set
Today, September 23, 2025

September 23, 1779: The Age Of Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment: The American Revolution: The Battle Of Flamborough Head: -- Under that battle cry "I have not yet begun to fight!", Continental Navy officer John Paul Jones, on board the warship USS Bonhomme Richard, wins the Battle of Flamborough Head, a naval battle that took place off the coast of Yorkshire between a combined Franco-American squadron led by Jones and two British escort vessels protecting a large merchant convoy. It became one of the most celebrated naval actions of the war and had historic implications, despite its relatively small size and a considerable dispute over what had actually occurred. The squadron encountered the Baltic Fleet of 41 sail under convoy of HMS Serapis and HM hired armed ship Countess of Scarborough near Flamborough Head. Bonhomme Richard and Serapis entered a bitter engagement at about 6:00 p.m. The battle continued for the next four hours, costing the lives of nearly half of the American and British crews. British victory seemed inevitable, as the more heavily armed Serapis used its firepower to rake Bonhomme Richard with devastating effect. The commander of Serapis finally called on Jones to surrender. He replied, "Sir, I have not yet begun to fight!" Jones eventually managed to lash the ships together, nullifying his opponent's greater maneuverability and allowing him to take advantage of the larger size and considerably more numerous crew of Bonhomme Richard. An attempt by the Americans to board Serapis was repulsed, as was an attempt by the British to board Bonhomme Richard. Finally, after another of Jones' ships joined the fight, the British captain was forced to surrender at about 10:30 p.m. The Bonhomme Richard, shattered, on fire, leaking badly, defied all efforts to save her. and sank about 36 hours later at 11:00 a.m. on 25 September 1779. Jones sailed the captured Serapis to the Dutch United Provinces for repairs. Though Bonhomme Richard sank after the battle, the battle's outcome was one of the factors that convinced the French crown to back the colonies in their fight to become independent of British authority. Originally a French East Indiaman ship named Duc de Duras, Jones renamed her Bon Homme Richard (usually rendered in more correct French as Bonhomme Richard) in honor of Benjamin Franklin, the American Commissioner at Paris whose Poor Richard's Almanac was published in France under the title Les Maximes du Bonhomme Richard. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/combat-at-sea-dvd-set-all-12-naval-warfare-tv-shows-6-di126.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Lewis And Clark & The Corps Of Discovery Expedition DVD MP4 USB Stick
Today, September 23, 2025

September 23, 1806: The Exploration Of North America: The United States: The History Of The United States: The Territorial Expansion Of The United States (The Territorial Evolution Of The United States): The Louisiana Purchase: The Lewis And Clark Expedition (The Corps Of Discovery, The Corps Of Discovery Expedition): The Corps Of Discovery: -- Lewis And Clark return to St. Louis after their historic exploration of the Pacific Northwest of the United States, 17 months after having departed from Camp Dubois, Illinois on May 14, 1804. The Lewis And Clark Expedition from May 1804 to September 1806, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States. It began near St. Louis, made its way westward, and passed through the continental divide to reach the Pacific coast. The Corps of Discovery comprised a selected group of U.S. Army volunteers under the command of Captain Meriwether Lewis and his close friend, Second Lieutenant William Clark. The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory (828,000 square miles) by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid 50M francs and a cancellation of debts worth 18M francs for a total of 68M francs (15M USD, equivalent to 300M USD in 2016). The Louisiana Purchase territory contained land that forms Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; a large portion of North Dakota; a large portion of South Dakota; the northeastern section of New Mexico; the northern portion of Texas; the area of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide; and Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (plus New Orleans). Its non-native population was around 60,000 inhabitants, of whom half were African slaves. The Corps of Discovery was a specially-established unit of the United States Army created from a select group of volunteers which formed the nucleus of the Lewis And Clark Expedition. Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson, the Corps' objectives were both scientific and commercial: to study the area's plants, animal life, and geography, and to learn how the Louisiana Purchase could be exploited economically. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/lewis-amp-clark-amp-the-corps-of-discovery-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Birth Of Europe: Ice Age To 20th Century DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, September 23, 2025

September 23, 1862: Prussia: The History Of Prussia: -- On the advice of Prussian Minister Of War Albrecht Von Roon, King Wilhelm of Prussia recalls Otto Von Bismarck to Prussia and appoints him Bismarck Minister President and Foreign Minister. The new King had often came into conflict with the increasingly liberal Prussian Diet (Landtag), and a crisis arose in 1862, when the Diet refused to authorize funding for a proposed re-organization of the army. The King's ministers could not convince legislators to pass the budget, and the King was unwilling to make concessions. Wilhelm threatened to abdicate in favour of his son Crown Prince Frederick William, who opposed his doing so, believing that Bismarck was the only politician capable of handling the crisis. However, Wilhelm was ambivalent about appointing a person who demanded unfettered control over foreign affairs. However, when the Abgeordnetenhaus (House Of Deputies) overwhelmingly rejected the proposed budget, Wilhelm was at last persuaded to recall Bismarck. Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (1815-1898) was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890 and was the first Chancellor of the German Empire between 1871 and 1890. In 1862, King Wilhelm I appointed Bismarck as Minister President of Prussia, a position he would hold until 1890, with the exception of a short break in 1873. He provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. Following the win against Austria, he abolished the supranational German Confederation and instead formed the North German Confederation as the first German national state in 1867, leading it as Federal Chancellor. This aligned the smaller North German states behind Prussia. Later receiving the support of the independent South German states in the Confederation's defeat of France, he formed the German Empire in 1871, unifying Germany with himself as Imperial Chancellor, while retaining control of Prussia at the same time. The new German nation excluded Austria, which had been Prussia's main opponent for predominance among the German states. With that accomplished by 1871, he skillfully used balance of power diplomacy to maintain Germany's position in a Europe which, despite many disputes and war scares, remained at peace. For historian Eric Hobsbawm, it was Bismarck who "remained undisputed world champion at the game of multilateral diplomatic chess for almost twenty years after 1871, [and] devoted himself exclusively, and successfully, to maintaining peace between the powers". However, his annexation of Alsace-Lorraine gave new fuel to French nationalism and promoted Germanophobia in France. This helped set the stage for the First World War. Bismarck's diplomacy of realpolitik and powerful rule at home gained him the nickname the "Iron Chancellor". German unification and its rapid economic growth was the foundation to his foreign policy. He disliked colonialism but reluctantly built an overseas empire when it was demanded by both elite and mass opinion. Juggling a very complex interlocking series of conferences, negotiations and alliances, he used his diplomatic skills to maintain Germany's position and used the balance of power to keep Europe at peace in the 1870s and 1880s. A master of complex politics at home, Bismarck created the first welfare state in the modern world, with the goal of gaining working class support that might otherwise go to his Socialist enemies. In the 1870s, he allied himself with the Liberals (who were low-tariff and anti-Catholic) and fought the Catholic Church in what was called the Kulturkampf ("culture struggle"). He lost that battle as the Catholics responded by forming a powerful Centre party and using universal male suffrage to gain a bloc of seats. Bismarck then reversed himself, ended the Kulturkampf, broke with the Liberals, imposed protective tariffs, and formed a political alliance with the Centre Party to fight the Socialists. A devout Lutheran, he was loyal to his king, who argued with Bismarck but in the end supported him against the advice of his wife and his heir. While the Reichstag, Germany's parliament, was elected by universal male suffrage, it did not have much control of government policy. Bismarck distrusted democracy and ruled through a strong, well-trained bureaucracy with power in the hands of a traditional Junker elite that consisted of the landed nobility in eastern Prussia. Under Wilhelm I, Bismarck largely controlled domestic and foreign affairs, until he was removed by the young Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890, at the age of seventy-five. Bismarck, a Junker himself, was strong-willed, outspoken and overbearing, but he could also be polite, charming and witty. Occasionally he displayed a violent temper, and he kept his power by melodramatically threatening resignation time and again, which cowed Wilhelm I. He possessed not only a long-term national and international vision but also the short-term ability to juggle complex developments. As the leader of what historians call "revolutionary conservatism", Bismarck became a hero to German nationalists; they built many monuments honoring the founder of the new Reich. Many historians praise him as a visionary who was instrumental in uniting Germany and, once that had been accomplished, kept the peace in Europe through adroit diplomacy. Jonathan Steinberg, a 2011 biographer of Bismarck, wrote that he was "a political genius of a very unusual kind [whose success] rested on several sets of conflicting characteristics among which brutal, disarming honesty mingled with the wiles and deceits of a confidence man. He played his parts with perfect self-confidence, yet mixed them with rage, anxiety, illness, hypochrondria, and irrationality. ... He used democracy when it suited him, negotiated with revolutionaries and the dangerous Ferdinand Lassalle, the socialist who might have contested his authority. He utterly dominated his cabinet ministers with a sovereign contempt and blackened their reputations as soon as he no longer needed them. He outwitted the parliamentary parties, even the strongest of them, and betrayed all those ... who had put him into power. By 1870 even his closest friends ... realized that they had helped put a demonic figure into power.". 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Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Aviation History Films Collection DVD MP4 Video Download
Today, September 23, 2025

September 23, 1911: Aviation: The History Of Aviation: Airmail: The History Of Airmail: -- Pilot Earle Ovington makes the first official airmail delivery in America under the authority of the United States Post Office Department. Today, Airmail (or Air Mail) is a mail transport service branded and sold on the basis of at least one leg of its journey being by air. Airmail items typically arrive more quickly than surface mail, and usually cost more to send. Airmail may be the only option for sending mail to some destinations, such as overseas, as the mail would otherwise take in some cases weeks to arrive by ship. The Universal Postal Union adopted comprehensive rules for airmail at its 1929 Postal Union Congress in London. Since the official language of the Universal Postal Union is French, airmail items worldwide are often marked Par avion, literally: "by airplane". For about the first half century of its existence, transportation of mail via aircraft was usually categorized and sold as a separate service (airmail) from surface mail. Today it is often the case that mail service is categorized and sold according to transit time alone, with mode of transport (land, sea, air) being decided on the back end in dynamic intermodal combinations. Thus even "regular" mail may make part of its journey on an aircraft. Such "air-speeded" mail is different from nominal airmail in its branding, price, and priority of service. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/aviation-history-films-2-dual-layer-dvd-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Frontiers Of Flight Aviation History TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025

September 23, 1913: Aviation: The History Of Aviation: Aviation Over The Mediterranean Sea: -- Aviation pioneer Roland Garros of France becomes the first to fly an airplane across the Mediterranean Sea when he flies non-stop from Frejus-Saint Raphael in the south of France to Bizerte in Tunisia in a Morane-Saulnier G two-seat sport and racing plane. The flight commenced at 5:47 am and lasted for nearly eight hours, during which time Garros resolved two engine malfunctions. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/frontiers-of-flight-aviation-history-tv-series-dvd-mp4-download-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WWI: A History In Pictures World War I JPG Photos CD, Download, USB
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23: National Baker Day: -- Baker is a last name of Old English origin, derived from the Middle English 'bakere' and the Old English' baecere.' It is also derived from the word 'bacan,' which means 'to dry by heat,' that is, 'to bake.' It originated before the eighth century and was primarily used as an occupational name for people who baked bread or bricks. During the Middle Ages, most households baked their bread, so the popular belief is that the name was used to refer to the owner of a communal oven, who was in charge of baking bread for a community or village. The last name Baker is of Old English origin and was formed from the words 'bakere' and 'baecere' in Middle English. Furthermore, it comes from the term 'bacan,' which means 'to dry by heat' or 'to bake.' It originated before the eighth century and was primarily used as an occupational name for people who baked bread or bricks. During the Middle Ages, most households baked their bread, so the popular belief is that the name was used to refer to the owner of a communal oven, who was in charge of baking bread for a community or village. This position is considered to have been a hereditary feudal privilege. Alternatively, the name might have been given to those noted for baking particularly fine bread or to bakers of pottery and bricks. Moving from England, the name spread to the neighboring countries of Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. It also reached the English-speaking nations of the Americas and Oceania, where it is now standard. People who bear this last name have recently used D.N.A. to trace their ancestry to the Scottish Clan MacMillan and other Celtic backgrounds. Different cultures possess similar variations, such as the German 'Backer' or 'Becker,' the Dutch 'Bakker' or 'Backman,' and the French' Boulanger.' In Scottish and Irish Gaelic, Baker is written as 'Mac a' Bhacstair.'Baker is also a first name in the U.S., though the popularity level is low. Before 2018, it didn't make the list of the 1,000 most popular male names. In 2018, it finally made the list, ranking at 712. This rank rose to 449 in 2021, with 678 births matching the name in that year. https://store.earthstation1.com/wwi-a-history-in-pictures-world-war-i-photo-cd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Subterraneans 1960 Leslie Caron George Peppard DVD, Download, USB
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23: Redhead Appreciation Day: -- With fiery locks that ignite every room they enter, these individuals add a vibrant hue to life, proving that uniqueness is captivating. Perhaps because of their rarity and uniqueness, redheads have often been called various names, whether it's copper or ginger, spitfire or carrot top. Redheads are certainly interesting, beautiful and absolutely worth celebrating. And that's the purpose of Redhead Appreciation Day! The natural genes of redheads can be traced back for thousands of years. It is believed that the first people with red hair appeared in Central Asia. In classical literature, redheads have been portrayed with some less-than positive characteristics, especially among men. One topic that makes an interesting study is that of royal redheads throughout history. Red hair has often been associated with Celtic people, as described by both the Greeks and the Romans. One of the most famous redheaded royal women in history is Boadicea, a queen of the British Icea tribe in the first century AD. She led an uprising against the Roman Empire for which she was still considered to be a folk hero, even though the battle was lost. Boadicea is rumored to have been extremely tall with a terrifying appearance that included red hair hanging down her back below her waist. Other famous redheads are English royals Queen Elizabeth I and her father, Henry VIII, as well as Winston Churchill, the prime minister of the United Kingdom during WWII. Playwright George Bernard Shaw and American author Mark Twain were also both known as redheads. Oliver Cromwell was another famous British redhead who was a leader of England and Scotland in the 1600s and was one of the people who signed the death warrant for Charles I. Eventually, after his death, Cromwell's body was tried and convicted of regicide crimes, so his embalmed ginger head was put on a spike and purportedly changed hands over the next 300 years. Some cultures have believed that women who have red hair are witches, while others have tended to think that women with red hair have special powers. In fact, some of this might be more than myth. Scientists have shown that redheads are more sensitive to temperature changes, they may have a higher pain awareness and their skin might even smell better! Because red hair is a recessive gene, it is the rarest natural hair color in the world, with only 1-2% of the population having the privilege of being called a redhead or a ginger. Redhead Appreciation Day is meant to set aside time to let these rare beauties in the world know how much their uniqueness is appreciated and how much they are loved. So take a moment on Redhead Appreciation Day to tell a redhead - whether it's an adorable baby ginger or a huge burly one - how special they really are! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-subterraneans-dvd-1960-leslie-caron-george-pep1960.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Helen Keller: In Her Story + Bonus Biography DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23: The International Day Of Sign Languages: -- Founded by the United Nations in 2017. The International Day Of Sign Languages is commemorated on this day since the World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) was founded on this day in 1951. Did you know there are around 72 million deaf individuals in the world? The World Federation of the Deaf provided this data. Over 300 distinct sign languages are used by these people together. Many people are unaware that sign languages are natural languages in their own right. They should be accorded just as much credit and significance as spoken language, despite their structural differences. In addition, there is an international sign language. Deaf individuals utilize this when mingling, traveling, and attending international meetings. Sign languages are visual languages that transmit messages. It is unknown how many of these languages exist on the globe. In general, each country has its own sign language. Some countries, in fact, have more than one. You might be interested in learning more about sign languages' history. These languages have been used by deaf people throughout history. In reality, Plato's Cratylus, published in the 15th century BC, has one of the oldest recorded accounts of sign language. Socrates says the following in this context: "If we didn't have a voice or a tongue and wanted to communicate with one another, wouldn't we try to make signals by moving our hands, heads, and the rest of our bodies, much like stupid people do now?" Not much was known about historical sign languages until the 19th century. The data was restricted to fingerspelling systems, often known as manual alphabets. These were created to translate words from a spoken language to a sign language. Pedro Ponce de Leon is considered to have invented the first manual alphabet. This is one of the fewer recent days that is observed throughout the world, with the inaugural International Day Of Sign Languages occurring on September 23, 2018. The date was chosen since it marks the anniversary of the founding of the World Federation of the Deaf in 1951. Every year the day has a new theme. In 2018, for example, the subject was "With Sign Language, Everyone Is Included." The topic for 2019 was "Sign Language Rights for All!" It is good to learn about the topic each year, since it can help you learn about alternative methods to mark the day. For example, in 2019, knowing about the many rights of individuals who use sign language would have been an excellent approach to broaden your knowledge and raise awareness. In fact, nothing prevents you from doing so right now! https://store.earthstation1.com/helen-keller-in-her-story-dvd-plus-bonus-biography.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Machine That Changed The World: The Computer DVD MP4 Download
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23: Education Technology Day: -- A day that celebrates and appreciates the technology that helps students to learn better and teachers to teach better. It also celebrates the professionals who support the use of this technology and make sophisticated learning happen through technology. Did you know that students who use devices for study achieve better? Yes, in the United States, students with more than 60 minutes per week of device use achieved higher academic results. So, let's learn about the history of educational technology and the benefits it brings to the learning process. Interested in pursuing a technology-related degree or maybe you want to become a teacher? Whichever path you choose, there are plenty of technology scholarships and education scholarships to help cover your tuition. Technology plays a massive role in our lives today, right from when we wake up with the help of a digital alarm on our wrists to the moment we rest our eyes at night. It is crucial in everything that we do and is playing an important role in education. Both students and teachers recognize the importance of working with technology and education to prepare for the modern digital world run by technology. Education technology, also known as EduTech or EdTech, is the combined use of technology like hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate better learning and teaching. With today's classrooms moving beyond the notebooks and clunky desktops that were once the norm, today's education is infused with tablets, interactive online courses, and even robots that can help students learn. The history of the birth of Education Technology Day is, unfortunately, a mystery. However, EdTech has come a long way from the days when slide projectors were used in educational institutions, to the days when computers were introduced into classrooms, to the days when online classes are the norm. There is no denying that EdTech greatly influences the classroom and how it operates. In fact, 80% of the students in U.S. colleges complete two-thirds of their bachelor's degrees through online courses provided by their colleges. So, let's celebrate everything that technology brings to the education world and support education in all forms and shapes! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-machine-that-changed-the-world-the-computer-dvd-mp4-downloa4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Bloopers: Radio & TV Outtakes CD, MP3 Audio Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1930: #BOTD: #HBD! Ray Charles, African American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (d. June 10, 2004) is #born Ray Charles Robinson in Albany, Georgia. Known professionally as Ray Charles, was an American singer-songwriter, musician, and composer. Among friends and fellow musicians he preferred being called "Brother Ray". He was often referred to as "The Genius". Charles was blind from the age of seven. He pioneered the soul music genre during the 1950s by combining blues, rhythm and blues, and gospel styles into the music he recorded for Atlantic Records. He also contributed to the integration of country music, rhythm and blues, and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, most notably with his two Modern Sounds albums. While he was with ABC, Charles became one of the first black musicians to be granted artistic control by a mainstream record company. Charles cited Nat King Cole as a primary influence, but his music was also influenced by country, jazz, blues, and rhythm and blues artists of the day, including Louis Jordan and Charles Brown. He became friends with Quincy Jones. Their friendship lasted until the end of Charles' life. Frank Sinatra called Ray Charles "the only true genius in show business", although Charles downplayed this notion. In 2002, Rolling Stone ranked Charles number ten on its list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time", and number two on their November 2008 list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". It was Eddie Cochran, while sitting backstage after his first concert in the UK, that he asked all present, "Have any of you ever heard Ray Charles?". No one had, and he took out the record "What I Say" and played it, to universal praise and admiration. Ray Charles died at his home in Beverly Hills, California of complications resulting from liver failure at the age of 73. He is buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, Los Angeles County, California. https://store.earthstation1.com/bloopers-outtakes-and-offmoments-radio-and-tv-madness-mp3-c3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The History Of Jazz A Video Retrospective DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1926: #BOTD: #HBD! John Coltrane, African American saxophonist, flutist and composer, also known as "Trane" (d. July 17, 1967) is #born John William Coltrane in his parents' apartment at 200 Hamlet Avenue in Hamlet, North Carolina. Working in the bebop and hard bop idioms early in his career, Coltrane helped pioneer the use of modes in jazz and was later at the forefront of free jazz. He led at least fifty recording sessions during his career, and appeared as a sideman on many albums by other musicians, including trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk. As his career progressed, Coltrane and his music took on an increasingly spiritual dimension. Coltrane influenced innumerable musicians, and remains one of the most significant saxophonists in music history. He received many posthumous awards and recognitions, including canonization by the African Orthodox Church as Saint John William Coltrane and a special Pulitzer Prize in 2007. His second wife was pianist Alice Coltrane and their son Ravi Coltrane is also a saxophonist. John Coltrane died of liver cancer at the age of 40 at Huntington Hospital on Long Island. His funeral was held four days later at St. Peter's Lutheran Church in New York City. The service was started by the Albert Ayler Quartet and finished by the Ornette Coleman Quartet. Coltrane is buried at Pinelawn Cemetery in Farmingdale, New York. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-history-of-jazz-by-billy-taylor-parts-i-amp-ii-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Music & Dance Shows #8 American Action DVD, MP4, USB Flash Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 2023: #DOTD: #RIP: Terry Kirkman, singer of the band the Association and songwriter of the hit songs "Cherish," "Everything That Touches You," and "Six Man Band" among many others (b. December 12, 1939) #dies in Montclair, California of congestive heart failure at age 83, following a long illness. He is buried at Bellevue Memorial Park in Ontario, California. Terry Kirkman was born Terry Robert Kirkman in Salina, Kansas. Kirkman left the band The Men in 1964 to become a founding member and sometime leader of the musical group the Association. Kirkman co-wrote some material with fellow group member and friend Jules Alexander. His "Requiem for the Masses," a song written about the war in Vietnam, featured requiem-style vocals. In 1964, while he was dating a girl named Barbara Bivens, he introduced her sister Beverly to what became, with her as their lead singer, the folk rock group We Five. https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-tv-music-amp-dance-shows-8-where-american-action-is-dv8.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: I Want My Music TV! 1980s Music Videos DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1949: #BOTD: #HBD! Bruce Springsteen, American singer, songwriter and guitarist known as "The Boss" and "Bruce", both a solo artist and the leader of the E Street Band who received critical acclaim for his early 1970s albums and attained worldwide fame upon the release of Born to Run in 1975, is #born Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen at Monmouth Medical Center in Long Branch, New Jersey. During a career that has spanned five decades, Springsteen has become known for his poetic and socially conscious lyrics and lengthy, energetic stage performances, earning the nickname "The Boss". He has recorded both rock albums and folk-oriented works, and his lyrics often address the experiences and struggles of working-class Americans. Springsteen has sold more than 135 million records worldwide and more than 64 million records in the United States, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists. His best-known songs include "Born to Run" (1975), "Thunder Road" (1975), "Badlands" (1978), "Hungry Heart" (1980), "Dancing in the Dark" (1984), "Born in the U.S.A." (1984), "Glory Days" (1985), "Brilliant Disguise" (1987), "Human Touch" (1992), and "Streets of Philadelphia" (1994). He has earned numerous awards for his work, including 20 Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, an Academy Award, and a Tony Award (for Springsteen on Broadway). Springsteen was inducted into both the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in 1999, received the Kennedy Center Honors in 2009, was named MusiCares person of the year in 2013, and was awarded the Presidential Medal Of Freedom in 2016. https://store.earthstation1.com/i-want-my-music-tv-dvd-late-1980s-vi1980.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Bob Marley And The Wailers (1986) Documentary MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1980: Aesthetics: Performing Arts: Finales: Musical Finales: -- Bob Marley plays what would be his last concert in Pittsburgh at the Stanley Theater (now The Benedum Center For The Performing Arts). Setlist: Natural Mystic | Positive Vibration | Burnin' and Lootin' (The Wailers cover) | Them Belly Full (But We Hungry) | The Heathen | Running Away | Crazy Baldhead | War | No More Trouble (The Wailers cover) | Zimbabwe | Zion Train | No Woman, No Cry | Jamming | Exodus ||| Encore 1: Redemption Song | Coming in From the Cold | Could You Be Loved ||| Encore 2: Is This Love | Work | Get Up, Stand Up (The Wailers cover) ||| Robert Nesta Marley, OM (February 6, 1945: May 11, 1981) was a Jamaican singer-songwriter, musician and guitarist who achieved international fame and acclaim, blending mostly reggae, ska and rocksteady in his compositions. Starting out in 1963 with the group the Wailers, he forged a distinctive songwriting and vocal style that would later resonate with audiences worldwide. The Wailers would go on to release some of the earliest reggae records with producer Lee "Scratch" Perry. After the Wailers disbanded in 1974, Marley pursued a solo career upon his relocation to England that culminated in the release of the album Exodus in 1977, which established his worldwide reputation and elevated his status as one of the world's best-selling artists of all time, with sales of more than 75 million records. Diagnosed with acral lentiginous melanoma in 1977, Marley died on 11 May 1981 in Miami at age 36. He was a committed Rastafari who infused his music with a sense of spirituality. He is credited with popularising reggae music around the world and served as a symbol of Jamaican culture and identity. https://store.earthstation1.com/bob-marley-and-the-wailers-dvd-1986-documen1986.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Operation Mad Ball (1957) Jack Lemmon Ernie Kovacs DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1920: #BOTD: #HBD! Mickey Rooney, American actor, vaudevillian, comedian, singer, director, movie and radio personality, producer and soldier, also known as Mickey Maguire, so named for a series of short subject films he starred in from 1927 to 1934 with costar Billy Barty (d. April 6, 2014) is #born Joseph Yule Jr. in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, the only child of Nellie W. Carter and Joe Yule, the latter a Scottish-American burlesque and vaudeville actor who later appeared in many films as a character actor and alongside Renie Riano in the Jiggs and Maggie film series. Mickey Rooney, in a career spanning nine decades and continuing until shortly before his death, appeared in more than 300 films and was one of the last surviving stars of the silent film era. At the height of a career that was marked by precipitous declines and raging comebacks, Rooney performed the role of Andy Hardy in a series of 15 films in the 1930s and 1940s that epitomized American family values. A versatile performer, he became a celebrated character actor later in his career. Laurence Olivier once said he considered Rooney "the best there has ever been." Clarence Brown, who directed him in two of his earliest dramatic roles, National Velvet and The Human Comedy, said he was "the closest thing to a genius I ever worked with." Rooney first performed in vaudeville as a child and made his film debut at the age of six. At 14 he played Puck in the play and later the 1935 film adaptation of A Midsummer Night's Dream. Critic David Thomson hailed his performance as "one of cinema's most arresting pieces of magic". In 1938, he co-starred in Boys Town. At nineteen he was the first teenager to be nominated for an Oscar for his leading role in Babes in Arms, and he was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939. At the peak of his career between the ages of 15 and 25, he made forty-three films, which made him one of MGM'ss most consistently successful actors and a favorite of studio head Louis B. Mayer. Rooney was the top box office attraction from 1939 to 1941, and one of the best-paid actors of that era, but his career never rose to such heights again. Drafted into the Army during World War II, he served nearly two years entertaining over two million troops on stage and radio and was awarded a Bronze Star for performing in combat zones. Returning from the war in 1945, he was too old for juvenile roles but too short to be an adult movie star, and was unable to get as many starring roles. Nevertheless, Rooney's popularity was renewed with well-received supporting roles in films such as Requiem for a Heavyweight (1962), It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), and The Black Stallion (1979). In the early 1980s, he returned to Broadway in Sugar Babies and again became a celebrated star. Rooney made hundreds of appearances on TV, including dramas, variety programs, and talk shows, and won an Emmy in 1964, with another Emmy plus a Golden Globe for his role in Bill (1981). Actor and director Laurence Olivier once called Rooney "the greatest actor of them all". Mickey Rooney died of natural causes (including complications from diabetes) in Studio City, California at the age of 93. A group of family members and friends, including Mickey Rourke, held a memorial service on April 18. A private funeral, organized by another set of family members, was held at Hollywood Forever Cemetery, where he was buried on April 19. His eight surviving children said in a statement that they were barred from seeing Rooney during his final years. At his death, Vanity Fair called Rooney "the original Hollywood train wreck". Despite earning millions during his career, he had to file for bankruptcy in 1962 due to mismanagement of his finances. In his later years, Rooney had entrusted his finances to his stepson, who funneled Rooney's earnings to pay for his own lavish lifestyle. His millions in earnings had dwindled to an estate that was valued at only 18K USD. He died owing medical bills and back taxes, and contributions were solicited from the public. https://store.earthstation1.com/operation-mad-ball-1957-jack-lemmon-ernie-kovacs-dvd-mp19574.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Mostly Mozart Festival Orchestra 1990 DVD, Download, Flash Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1962: Grand Openings: Theatre Grand Openings (Theater Grand Openings): Performing Arts Center Openings: American Performing Arts Center Openings: The Lincoln Center For The Performing Arts (Lincoln Center): David Geffen Hall (Philharmonic Hall, Avery Fisher Hall): -- The Lincoln Center For The Performing Arts, a 16.3-acre (6.6-hectare) complex of buildings in the Lincoln Square neighborhood on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, opens the first of its ultimately three complex buildings, David Geffen Hall, at that time named Philharmonic Hall and later Avery Fisher Hall, a 2,200-seat auditorium concert hall and home of the New York Philharmonic. Lincoln Center has thirty indoor and outdoor facilities and is host to five million visitors annually. It houses performing arts organizations including The New York Philharmonic, The Metropolitan Opera, The New York City Ballet, The Chamber Music Society Of Lincoln Center, and The Juilliard School. The center's first three buildings, David Geffen Hall (formerly Avery Fisher Hall, originally named Philharmonic Hall), David H. Koch Theater (formerly the New York State Theater), and the Metropolitan Opera House were opened in 1962, 1964, and 1966, respectively. The first of Lincoln Center's buildings to be completed, Philharmonic Hall opened September 23, 1962, to mixed reviews. The concert, featuring Leonard Bernstein, the New York Philharmonic, and a host of operatic stars such as Eileen Farrell and Robert Merrill, was televised live on CBS. The opening week of concerts included performances by a specially invited list of guest orchestras (Boston, Philadelphia, and Cleveland), who regularly appeared at Carnegie Hall each season, as well as the new hall's resident ensemble. Several reporters panned the hall, while at least two conductors praised the acoustics. While the initial intention had been that Philharmonic Hall would replace Carnegie Hall, which could then be demolished, that did not happen. Management made several attempts to remedy the induced acoustical problems, with little success, leading to a substantial 1970s renovation. While initial reaction to the improvements was favorable and some advocates remained steadfast, overall feelings about the new hall's sound soured and acoustics there continued to be problematic. In December 1977, High Fidelity magazine published an article that stated members of the Philharmonic disliked the sound so much they referred to the venue as "A Very Fishy Hall." In 1992, under the tenure of Kurt Masur with the New York Philharmonic, several solid maple wood convex surfaces were installed on the side walls and suspended from the ceiling of the stage to improve acoustics. In 2005 and 2006, the Mostly Mozart Festival experimented with extending the front of stage to improve acoustics. A major goal of the 550M USD renovation of David Geffen Hall, from 2020 to 2022, was to improve the acoustics in the main concert hall. According to Zachary Woolfe of The New York Times, the renovation substantially improved the acoustics, but some significant acoustical problems remained. Lincoln Center was built by a consortium of civic leaders and others, led by and under the initiative of philanthropist John D. Rockefeller III, as part of the "Lincoln Square Renewal Project" during Robert Moses's program of New York's urban renewal in the 1950s and 1960s. Respected architects were contracted to design the major buildings on the site. In the course of acquiring the land for the complex, more than 7,000 residents and 800 businesses from the San Juan Hill area of Lincoln Square were displaced. Rockefeller was appointed as the Lincoln Center's inaugural president in 1956, and once he resigned, became its chairman in 1961. He is credited with having raised more than half of the 184.5M USD in private funds needed to build the complex, including drawing from his own funds; the Rockefeller Brothers Fund also contributed to the project. A large number of different architects were hired to build different parts of the center. It is unclear whether the center was named as a tribute to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln or for its location in the Lincoln Square Neighborhood. The name was bestowed on the area in 1906 by the New York City Board of Aldermen, but records give no reason for choosing that name. There has long been speculation that the name came from a local landowner, because the square was previously named Lincoln Square. However, property records from the New York Municipal Archives from that time have no record of a Lincoln surname; they only list the names Johannes van Bruch, Thomas Hall, Stephen De Lancey, James De Lancey, James De Lancey Jr. and John Somerindyck. One speculation is that references to President Lincoln were omitted from the records because the mayor in 1906 was George B. McClellan Jr., son of General George B. McClellan, who was general-in-chief of the Union Army early in the American Civil War and a bitter rival of Lincoln's. https://store.earthstation1.com/mostly-mozart-festival-orchestra-avery-fisher-hall-19901990.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1939: #DOTD: #RIP: Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist, founder of psychoanalysis, the clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies in the psyche through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst (b. May 6, 1856) #dies in Hampstead, London, England at age 83, an exile from Nazi persecution in Austria, at 3 AM of an assisted suicide by morphine overdose administered by his doctor, friend, and fellow refugee, Max Schur. Freud's cancer of the jaw was causing him increasingly severe pain and had been declared inoperable. In mid-September 1939, Freed reminded Schur that he had agreed to do this in the terminal stages of his illness. When Schur replied that he had not forgotten, Freud said, "I thank you," and then, "Talk it over with Anna, and if she thinks it's right, then make an end of it." Anna Freud wanted to postpone her father's death, but Schur convinced her it was pointless to keep him alive, and on September 21 and 22, he administered doses of morphine that resulted in Freud's death. His remains were cremated, and the ashes are deposited in Freud Corner, the place within Golders Green Crematorium in North London, England, where the funerary urns of Sigmund Freud and many other members of the Freud family are deposited. Sigmund Freud was born Sigismund Schlomo Freud to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. In 1938, Freud left Austria to escape Nazi persecution. In founding psychoanalysis, Freud developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association and discovered transference, establishing its central role in the analytic process. Freud's redefinition of sexuality to include its infantile forms led him to formulate the Oedipus complex as the central tenet of psychoanalytical theory. His analysis of dreams as wish-fulfillments provided him with models for the clinical analysis of symptom formation and the underlying mechanisms of repression. On this basis, Freud elaborated his theory of the unconscious and went on to develop a model of psychic structure comprising id, ego and super-ego. Freud postulated the existence of libido, sexualised energy with which mental processes and structures are invested and which generates erotic attachments, and a death drive, the source of compulsive repetition, hate, aggression, and neurotic guilt. In his later works, Freud developed a wide-ranging interpretation and critique of religion and culture. Though in overall decline as a diagnostic and clinical practice, psychoanalysis remains influential within psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy, and across the humanities. It thus continues to generate extensive and highly contested debate concerning its therapeutic efficacy, its scientific status, and whether it advances or hinders the feminist cause. Nonetheless, Freud's work has suffused contemporary Western thought and popular culture. W. H. Auden's 1940 poetic tribute to Freud describes him as having created "a whole climate of opinion / under whom we conduct our different lives". https://store.earthstation1.com/clive-james39-fame-in-the-20th-century-tv-series-dvd-set-mp4-usb-39204.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Historical View A Legacy In Pictures JPG Image Set CD Download USB
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 2000: #DOTD: #RIP: Carl Rowan, prominent African American journalist, author and government official who published columns syndicated in more than one hundred newspapers across the United States whose name appeared on the master list of Nixon political opponents, the only journalist in history to win the Sigma Delta Chi medallion for journalistic excellence in three successive years. at one point the highest ranking African American in the United States government (b. August 11, 1925) #dies in Washington, D.C. of heart and kidney ailments in the intensive care unit at Washington Hospital Center, aged 75. He had diabetes prior to his death. Rowan was survived by his wife, Vivien; the three children they shared: two sons and one daughter; and four grandchildren. Rowan's two sons are Carl Jr., a lawyer; and Jeffrey, a clinical psychologist. His daughter, Barbara Rowan Jones, is a formal journalist like her father. His burial details are not publicly disclosed. Carl Rowan was born Carl Thomas Rowan in Ravenscroft, Tennessee, and raised in McMinnville, in that state. Rowan was determined to get a good education. He graduated from Bernard High School in 1942 as class president and valedictorian. He studied at Tennessee State University (1942-43) and Washburn University (1943-44). He was one of the first African Americans to serve as a commissioned officer in the United States Navy. Rowan was also a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity. He was graduated from Oberlin College (1947) and was awarded a masters degree in journalism from the University of Minnesota (1948). He began his career in journalism writing for the African American newspapers Minneapolis Spokesman and St. Paul Recorder (now the Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder). He went on to be a copywriter for The Minneapolis Tribune (1948-50), and later became a staff writer (1950-61), reporting extensively on the Civil Rights Movement. In the late 1950s, Rowan covered the burgeoning Civil Rights Movement in the South, including the historic Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott in 1955. As the only black reporter covering the story for a national newspaper, Rowan struck a special friendship with the boycott's leaders, including Martin Luther King, Jr. When news of an unlikely compromise settlement of the boycott came to Rowan's attention across the Associated Press wire, he notified King, who made quick steps to discredit the story, which was about to appear in a Montgomery newspaper, thus ensuring the continuance of the boycott. In 1960, Rowan was denied membership to a club on the grounds that it was racially segregated; this subsequently inspired Joe Glazer to write the song "I Belong to a Private Club". In 1961, Rowan was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary Of State by President John F. Kennedy. The following year, he served as a delegate to the United Nations during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Rowan became the U.S. Ambassador to Finland in 1963. In 1964, Rowan was appointed director of the United States Information Agency (USIA) by President Lyndon B. Johnson. In serving as director of the USIA, Rowan became the first African American to hold a seat on the National Security Council and the highest level African American in the United States government. From 1966 to 1998, Rowan wrote a syndicated column for the Chicago Sun-Times and, from 1967 to 1996, was a panelist on a television program Agronsky & Company, later called Inside Washington. In 1968 he received the Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award as well as an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Colby College.[citation needed] In 1997, he was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP. Rowan was a 1995 Pulitzer Prize finalist for his commentaries. He is the only journalist in history to win the Sigma Delta Chi medallion for journalistic excellence in three successive years. Thurgood Marshall's only interview while serving on the Supreme Court Of The United States was for Carl Rowan's 1988 documentary. The National Press Club gave Rowan its 1999 Fourth Estate Award for lifetime achievement. On January 9, 2001, United States Secretary Of State Madeleine Albright dedicated the press briefing room at the State Department as the Carl T. Rowan Briefing room. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-historical-view-a-legacy-in-pictures-jpg-photo-cd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Neptune's Cold Fury: Voyager 2 Mission DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1846: Space: Outer Space: Astronomy: The Solar System: The Planet Neptune: The Discovery Of Neptune: -- Neptune becomes the first, and so far only, planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation, and the first planet to be discovered that is not visible to the unaided eye, when on the night of September 23-24, working to confirm a mathematical prediction by Urbain Le Verrier based on the work of Alexis Bouvard, telescopic observations at the Berlin Observatory by astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle with the assistabce of Heinrich Louis d'Arrest confirm the existence of this major planet which previously had only been known to exist according to mathematical computation. It was a sensational moment of 19th-century science, and dramatic confirmation of Newtonian gravitational theory. In Francois Arago's apt phrase, Le Verrier had discovered a planet "with the point of his pen", as thereby the planet Neptune was mathematically predicted to exist before it was directly observed. The discovery of Neptune led to the discovery of its moon Triton by William Lassell just seventeen days later. In 1845, astronomers Urbain Le Verrier in Paris and John Couch Adams in Cambridge separately began calculations to determine the nature and position of such a planet. Le Verrier's success also led to a tense international dispute over priority, because shortly after the discovery George Airy, at the time British Astronomer Royal, announced that Adams had also predicted the discovery of the planet. Nevertheless, the Royal Society awarded Le Verrier the Copley medal in 1846 for his achievement, without mention of Adams. The Royal Society, however, also awarded Adams the Copley medal in 1848. In retrospect, after it was discovered, it turned out it had been observed many times before but not recognized, and there were others who made various calculations about its location which did not lead to its observation. By 1847, the planet Uranus had completed nearly one full orbit since its discovery by William Herschel in 1781, and astronomers had detected a series of irregularities in its path that could not be entirely explained by Newton's law of universal gravitation. These irregularities could, however, be resolved if the gravity of a farther, unknown planet were disturbing its path around the Sun, and they led French astronomer Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. After Bouvard's death, the position of Neptune was predicted from his observations, independently, by John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier. Neptune is the eighth and, after the redefinition of Pluto as a dwarf planet, the farthest-known Solar planet from the Sun. In the Solar System, it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. It is 17 times the mass of Earth, slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus. Neptune is denser and physically smaller than Uranus because its greater mass causes more gravitational compression of its atmosphere. The planet orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of 30.1 AU (4.5 billion km; 2.8 billion mi). It is named after the Roman god of the sea and has the astronomical symbol of a stylised version of the god Neptune's trident. After Triton was discovered, none of the planet's remaining 13 known moons were located telescopically until the 20th century. The planet's distance from Earth gives it a very small apparent size, making it challenging to study with Earth-based telescopes. Neptune was visited by Voyager 2, when it flew by the planet on August 25, 1989; Voyager 2 remains the only spacecraft to visit Neptune. The advent of the Hubble Space Telescope and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics has recently allowed for additional detailed observations from afar. Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, though it contains a higher proportion of "ices" such as water, ammonia and methane. However, similar to Uranus, its interior is primarily composed of ices and rock; Uranus and Neptune are normally considered "ice giants" to emphasise this distinction. Traces of methane in the outermost regions in part account for the planet's blue appearance. In contrast to the hazy, relatively featureless atmosphere of Uranus, Neptune's atmosphere has active and visible weather patterns. For example, at the time of the Voyager 2 flyby in 1989, the planet's southern hemisphere had a Great Dark Spot comparable to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. These weather patterns are driven by the strongest sustained winds of any planet in the Solar System, with recorded wind speeds as high as 2,100 km/h (580 m/s; 1,300 mph). Because of its great distance from the Sun, Neptune's outer atmosphere is one of the coldest places in the Solar System, with temperatures at its cloud tops approaching 55 K (-218 dg C; -361 dg F). Temperatures at the planet's centre are approximately 5,400 K (5,100 dg C; 9,300 dg F). Neptune has a faint and fragmented ring system (labelled "arcs"), which was discovered in 1984, then later confirmed by Voyager 2. https://store.earthstation1.com/neptune39s-cold-fury-dvd-voyager-2-space-probe-patrick-stew392.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The American Adventure: TV History Series 1607-1876 DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1642: The First commencement exercises occur at Harvard College. Harvard College is now the undergraduate college of Harvard University, an Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, clergyman John Harvard, Harvard College is the original school of Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and among the most prestigious in the world. Part of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard College is Harvard University's traditional undergraduate program, offering AB and SB degrees. It is highly selective, with fewer than five percent of applicants being offered admission in recent years. Harvard College students participate in more than 450 extracurricular organizations and nearly all live on campus - first-year students in or near Harvard Yard, and upperclass students in community-oriented "houses." The college has produced many distinguished alumni, including high-ranking politicians, renowned scholars, and business leaders. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-american-adventure-series-us-1st-century-4-dv14.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: American Revolutionary War Documentaries DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1780: The Age Of Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment: The American Revolution: The American Revolutionary War: British Spies During The American Revolution: British Spies Executed During The American Revolution: -- At 9 A.M, British Major John Andre, head of its Secret Service in America during the American Revolutionary War, is arrested near Tarrytown, New York as a spy by armed American militiamen John Paulding, Isaac Van Wart, and David Williams, ultimately exposing Benedict Arnold's defection to British cause by his attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York, to the British. John Andre (May 2, 1751 - October 2, 1780) was thereafter tried and hanged as a spy by the Continental Army. Andre went up the Hudson River on the British sloop-of-war Vulture on Wednesday, September 20, 1780 to visit Arnold. The presence of the warship was discovered by two American privates, John Peterson and Moses Sherwood the following morning on September 21. From their position at Teller's Point they began to assail the Vulture and a longboat associated with it with rifle and musket fire. Pausing to secure more aid, Peterson and Sherwood headed to Fort Lafayette at Verplanck's Point to request cannons and ammunition from their commander Col. James Livingston. While they were gone, a small boat furnished by Arnold was steered to the Vulture by Joshua Hett Smith. At the oars were two brothers, tenants of Smith's who reluctantly rowed the boat six miles on the river to the sloop. Despite Arnold's assurances, the two oarsmen sensed that something was wrong. None of these men knew Arnold's purpose or suspected his treason; all were told that the purpose was to do good for the patriot cause. Only Smith was told anything specific, and that was the lie that it was to secure vital intelligence for the American cause. The brothers finally agreed to row after threats by Arnold to arrest them. They picked up Andre and placed him on shore. The others left and Arnold came to Andre on horseback, leading an extra horse for Andre's use. The two men conferred in the woods below Stony Point on the river's west bank until nearly dawn, after which Andre accompanied Arnold several miles to the Joshua Hett Smith House (Treason House) in West Haverstraw, New York, owned by Thomas Smith and occupied by his brother Joshua. On the morning of September 22, the two American patriots, Peterson and Sherwood launched a two-hour cannonade on the Vulture, which sustained many hits and was forced to retire down river. Their repulsion of the British sloop effectively stranded Andre on shore. To aid Andre's escape through U.S. lines, Arnold provided him with civilian clothes and a passport which allowed him to travel under the name John Anderson. He bore six papers hidden in his stocking, written in Arnold's hand, that showed the British how to take the fort. This was unnecessary, since Clinton already knew the fort's layout.Joshua Hett Smith, who was accompanying him, left him just before he was captured. Andre rode on in safety until Continental militiamen John Paulding, Isaac Van Wart, and David Williams stopped him. Andre thought that they were Tories because one was wearing a Hessian soldier's overcoat. "Gentlemen," he said, "I hope you belong to our party." "What party?" asked one of the men. "The lower party," replied Andre, meaning the British. "We do," was the answer. Andre then told them that he was a British officer who must not be detained, when, to his surprise, they said that they were Continentals, and that he was their prisoner. He then told them that he was a U.S. officer and showed them his passport, but the suspicions of his captors were now aroused. They searched him and found Arnold's papers in his stocking. Only Paulding could read and Arnold was not initially suspected. Andre offered them his horse and watch, if they would let him go, but they declined. Andre testified at his trial that the men searched his boots for the purpose of robbing him. Paulding realized that he was a spy and took him to Continental Army headquarters in Sand's Hill (in today's Armonk, New York, a hamlet within North Castle situated on the Connecticut border of Westchester County. The prisoner was at first detained at Wright's Mill in North Castle, before being taken back across the Hudson to the headquarters of the American army at Tappan, where he was held at a tavern today known as the '76 House. There he admitted who he really was. At first, all went well for Andre since post commandant Lieutenant Colonel John Jameson decided to send him to Arnold, never suspecting that a high-ranking hero of the Revolution could be a turncoat. But Major Benjamin Tallmadge, head of Continental Army Intelligence, arrived, and persuaded Jameson to bring the prisoner back. He offered intelligence showing that a high-ranking officer was planning to defect to the British but was unaware of who it was. Jameson sent General George Washington the six sheets of paper carried by Andre, but he was unwilling to believe that Benedict Arnold could be guilty of treason. He therefore insisted on sending a note to Arnold informing him of the entire situation. Jameson did not want his army career to be wrecked later for having wrongly believed that his general was a traitor. Arnold received Jameson's note while at breakfast with his officers, made an excuse to leave the room, and was not seen again. The note gave Arnold time to escape to the British. An hour or so later, Washington arrived at West Point with his party and was disturbed to see the stronghold's fortifications in such neglect, part of the plan to weaken West Point's defenses. Washington was further irritated to find that Arnold had breached protocol by not being about to greet him. Some hours later, Washington received the explanatory information from Maj. Tallmadge and immediately sent men to arrest Arnold, but it was too late. According to Tallmadge's account of the events, he and Andre conversed during the latter's captivity and transport. Andre wanted to know how he would be treated by Washington. Tallmadge had been a classmate of Nathan Hale while both were at Yale, and he described the capture of Hale. Andre asked whether Tallmadge thought the situations similar; he replied, "Yes, precisely similar, and similar shall be your fate," referring to Hale having been hanged by the British as a spy. General Washington convened a board of senior officers to investigate the matter. The trial contrasted with Sir William Howe's treatment of Hale some four years earlier. The board consisted of Major Generals Nathanael Greene (the presiding officer), Lord Stirling, Arthur St. Clair, Lafayette (who cried at Andre's execution), Robert Howe, Steuben, Brigadier Generals Samuel H. Parsons, James Clinton, Henry Knox, John Glover, John Paterson, Edward Hand, Jedediah Huntington, John Stark, and Judge Advocate General John Laurance. Andre's defense was that he was suborning an enemy officer, "an advantage taken in war" (his words). However, he did not attempt to pass the blame onto Arnold. Andre told the court that he had neither desired nor planned to be behind American lines. He also asserted that, as a prisoner of war, he had the right to escape in civilian clothes. On September 29, 1780, the board found Andre guilty of being behind American lines "under a feigned name and in a disguised habit" and ordered that "Major Andre, Adjutant-General to the British Army, ought to be considered as a Spy from the enemy, and that agreeable to the law and usage of nations, it is their opinion, he ought to suffer death." Glover was officer of the day at Andre's execution. Sir Henry Clinton, the British commander in New York, did all that he could to save Andre, his favourite aide, but refused to surrender Arnold in exchange for him, even though he personally despised Arnold. Andre appealed to George Washington to be executed as a gentleman by being shot rather than hanged as a "common criminal", but by the rules of war he was hanged as a spy at Tappan, New York on October 2, 1780. A religious poem was found in his pocket after his execution, written two days beforehand. While a prisoner, he endeared himself to American officers who lamented his death as much as the British. Alexander Hamilton wrote of him: "Never perhaps did any man suffer death with more justice, or deserve it less." The day before his hanging, Andre drew a likeness of himself with pen and ink, which is now owned by Yale College. Andre, according to witnesses, placed the noose around his own neck. https://store.earthstation1.com/american-revolutionary-war-dvd-documentaries.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Turning Points Of Second World War Midway El Alamein Stalingrad DVD MP4 USB
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1890: #BOTD: Friedrich Paulus, German field marshal during World War II, best known for commanding the German 6th Army during the Battle Of Stalingrad that ended in disaster for the Wehrmacht when Soviet forces encircled the Germans within the city, leading to the ultimate defeat and capture of about 265,000 German personnel, their Axis allies and collaborators (d. February 1, 1957) is #born Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Paulus in Guxhagen, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire. Paulus fought in World War I and saw action in France and the Balkans. He was considered a promising officer; by the time World War II broke out he had been promoted to major general. Paulus took part in the Poland and Low Countries campaigns, after which he was named deputy chief of the German Army General Staff. In that capacity, Paulus helped plan the invasion of the Soviet Union. In 1942, Paulus was given command of the 6th Army despite his lack of field experience. He led the drive to Stalingrad but was cut off and surrounded in the subsequent Soviet counter-offensive. Adolf Hitler prohibited attempts to break out or capitulate, and German defence was gradually worn down. Paulus surrendered in Stalingrad on 31 January 1943, the same day on which he was informed of his promotion to field marshal by Hitler. Hitler expected Paulus to commit suicide, repeating to his staff that there was no precedent of a German field marshal ever being captured alive. While in Soviet captivity during the war, Paulus became a vocal critic of the Nazi regime and joined the Soviet-sponsored National Committee for a Free Germany. In 1953, Paulus moved to East Germany, where he worked in military history research, having a decisive role in the development of the myth of the clean Wehrmacht. He lived out the rest of his life in Dresden. Friedrich Paulus died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease also known as motor neuron disease (MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease, in Dresden, East Germany at age 66, 14 years and one day after his surrender at Stalingrad. As part of his last will and testament, his body was transported to Baden-Baden, West Germany, to be buried at the Hauptfriedhof next to his wife, who had died eight years earlier in 1949, not having seen her husband since his departure for the Eastern Front in the summer of 1942. https://store.earthstation1.com/turning-points-of-2nd-world-war-midway-el-alamein-stalingrad-dv2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Fascist Legacy: WWII Italian War Criminals TV Series DVD Download USB
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1943: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Mediterranean And Middle East Theater Of World War II (The Mediterranean Theater Of War) The Italian Campaign Of World War II (The Liberation Of Italy): Operation Achse (German: Fall Achse, "Case Axis"; Originally Operation Alaric [German: Unternehmen Alarich, "Operation Alaric"): The Italian Civil War: The Italian Social Republic (Italian: Repubblica Sociale Italiana) (The National Republican State Of Italy, [Italian: Stato Nazionale Repubblicano D'Italia; SNRI], The Republic of Salo): -- The Nazi German puppet state known as the Italian Social Republic is founded, a state with limited diplomatic recognition that existed from the beginning of the German occupation of Italy in September 1943 until the surrender of German troops in Italy in May 1945. The German occupation of Italy following The Fall Of The Fascist Regime In Italy triggered widespread national resistance against it, leading to The Italian Civil War against the occupatoin, and the Italian Social Republic immediately became involved in The Italian Civil War due to its founding. Three days following his rescue in the Gran Sasso raid, Mussolini was taken to Germany for a meeting with Hitler in Rastenburg at his headquarters in East Prussia. While Mussolini was in poor health and wanted to retire, Hitler wanted him to return to Italy and start a new Fascist state under the protection of the Wehrmacht. When Mussolini baulked, tired of the responsibilities of the war and unwilling to retake power, Hitler told him the alternative would be a German military administration that would treat Italy no differently from other occupied countries. Hitler also threatened to destroy Milan, Genoa and Turin unless Mussolini agreed to set up a revived Fascist government. Reluctantly, Mussolini agreed to Hitler's demands. Mussolini returned to Italy and settled in Milan, from where on September 15 he announced the creation of the Republican Fascist Party and, three days later, the resumption of the war alongside Germany and Japan. The Duce immediately announced the formation of a new republican cabinet, although they actually came from a list chosen and appointed by Hitler himself. The Italian Social Republic was proclaimed on September 23, with Mussolini as both chief of state and prime minister. The RSI claimed Rome as its capital, but the de facto capital became the small town of Salo on Lake Garda, midway between Milan and Venice, where Mussolini resided along with the foreign office of the RSI. While Rome itself was still under Axis control at the time, given the city's proximity to Allied lines and the threat of civil unrest, neither the Germans nor Mussolini himself wanted him to return to Rome. On 18 September, Mussolini made his first public address to the Italian people since his rescue, in which he commended the loyalty of Hitler as an ally while condemning Victor Emmanuel for betraying Italian Fascism. He declared: "It is not the regime that has betrayed the monarchy, it is the monarchy that has betrayed the regime". He also formally repudiated his previous support of the monarchy, saying: "When a monarchy fails in its duties, it loses every reason for being_The state we want to establish will be national and social in the highest sense of the word; that is, it will be Fascist, thus returning to our origins". https://store.earthstation1.com/fascist-legacy-italian-war-criminals-of-wwii-dvd-both-tv-shows.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Secret Files: History Of Washington, Israel & The Gulf DVD, MP4, USB
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1932: The History Of Saudi Arabia: The Unification Of Saudi Arabia: The Proclamation Of The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia (The Declaration Of The Unification Of Saudi Arabia): -- Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz, the Viceroy Of Hejaz, officially announces at 9:00 am from al-Hamidiyah Palace in Mecca, King Abdulaziz ibn Saud's Royal Decree No. 2716 that The Kingdom Of Hejaz And Nejd and its annexes is renamed the Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia with King Ibn Saud as its monarch. The declaration marked the establishment of the fifth and final iteration of the Third Saudi State as well as the formal culmination of Abdulaziz's nearly thirty-years of political and military campaign to unite the Arabian Peninsula under a single unitary traditionalist Islamic polity. September 23 is commemorated annually by the Saudi National Day (al-Yawm al-Watani), a national holiday established in 2007 on the occasion of the 75th anniversary. In 1934, nearly two years after the country's proclamation, Saudi Arabia and North Yemen went to war with each other over the territorial claims of al-Hudaydah, Jizan, Asir and Najran. The war ended with swift Saudi victory where Jizan, Asir and Najran came under Riyadh's jurisdiction and a Treaty of Taif was signed between Ibn Saud and Yahya Hamid ed-Din that guaranteed 20 years of peace between the two neighboring states. The war was the last battle for the unification of Saudi Arabia and the borders of the country remained mostly unchanged up until the Buraimi Dispute, a series of covert attempts by Saudi Arabia to influence the loyalties of tribes and communities in and around the oil-rich Buraimi oasis in Eastern Arabia in the 1940s and 1950s. https://store.earthstation1.com/secret-files-history-of-washington-israel-amp-the-gulf-dvd-download-usb.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Nikita Khrushchev Biography Documentary Set MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, September 23, 2025
September 15-27, 1959: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1953-1962): Soviet Union-United States Relations: Soviet Union-United States Conferences: The State Visit Of Nikita Khrushchev To The United States (September 15-27, 1959): Day 9: September 23, 1959: -- Khrushchev drives to Coon Rapids, IA to meet with farmer Roswell Garst. The two had met in 1955 when Garst traveled to the Soviet Union to give lectures on using hybrid seed corn and modern fertilizers to produce high-yield crops. Khrushchev thought the Iowan farmer was "a very interesting conversationalist who knew agriculture well." While in the Soviet Union, Garst sold thousands of tons of his hybrid seed corn. In addition to being a salesman, Garst also promoted the idea of "peace through corn." In advance of Khrushchev's visit, he told reporters that helping the Soviet Union plant better crops made strategic sense: "It would be dangerous for the world to have a Russia that is both hungry and has the H-bomb." The state visit of Nikita Khrushchev to the United States was a 13-day visit from September 15-27, 1959. It marked the first state visit of a Soviet leader to the US. Khrushchev, then General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was also the first ethnic Ukrainian leader to set foot in the Western Hemisphere. Being the first visit by a leader of his kind, the coverage of it resulted in an extended media circus. https://store.earthstation1.com/nikita-khrushchev-documentaries-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Television: A History Of Broadcast TV DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1928: #BOTD: #HBD! Roger Grimsby, American journalist, television and radio news anchor and actor, six-time Emmy Winner and actor (d. June 23, 1995) is #born Roger Olin Grimsby as an orphan in Butte, Montana and raised in Duluth, Minnesota, by a Lutheran minister. Grimsby, who for 18 years was seen on the ABC Television Network flagship station WABC in New York City, is known as one of the pioneers of local television broadcast news, well known for his comic timing and irreverent sense of humor. After graduating from Denfeld High School in 1946, he attended St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota, before studying history at Columbia University in New York. Grimsby was a U.S. Army veteran who was stationed in Germany before serving in the Korean War. It was during his stint in the Army that the Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS) sparked his interest in news broadcasting. Grimsby returned to his native Duluth, Minnesota, where he began his anchoring career in 1954, serving as an announcer for WEBC Radio. Shortly thereafter, he decided to switch to the growing medium of television, working as a correspondent and news director at various television stations around Minnesota and Wisconsin, including WEAU-TV Eau Claire, WISC-TV Madison, and WXIX-TV (now WVTV) Milwaukee. He then spent two years (1959-1961) at KMOX (now KMOV) in St. Louis, before becoming the anchor and news director at ABC-owned KGO-TV in San Francisco, in 1961. In 1968 Grimsby was brought to WABC-TV in New York City. Grimsby started as anchor of WABC's 11:00 p.m. news broadcast on June 3, 1968. Just two days later, Grimsby was thrust into the national spotlight as anchor of ABC's coverage of the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. In April 1969, WABC dropped John Schubeck from the anchor slot on their 6:00 p.m. broadcast, replacing him with Grimsby, who also continued in the 11:00 p.m. slot. Grimsby's initial co-anchor on the 6:00 newscast was former WCBS-TV newsman Tom Dunn, but the man who was most closely identified with him was Bill Beutel, who replaced Dunn in September 1970 and co-anchored the news with Grimsby until 1986. A six-time Emmy Winner, Grimsby was fired from WABC in April 1986 and, in an incident recounted by several of his colleagues, including Tom Snyder (who reported the incident on The Late Late Show soon after Grimsby's death), ABC further punished Grimsby by buying a building on Columbus Avenue across from WABC's Lincoln Square studios where three bars Grimsby often frequented stood and evicting the bar owners from the building. A year after his WABC departure, Grimsby was hired by WNBC-TV in May 1987. Beginning in June, his role was almost exclusively as a commentator, as Grimsby would be featured as part of the station's daily Live at Five newscast in a brief segment where he offered his take on a news story of the day with his usual deadpan style. He also worked as an assignment reporter. When WNBC's corporate sibling, WNBC (AM), signed off the air in 1988, Grimsby was dispatched to the radio station's studio to cover the closure live. As it turned out, a late transmitter switch to WFAN (AM) meant that Grimsby's voice was the very last to be heard on WNBC AM as he declared live to TV viewers: You heard the countdown. It's over. Grimsby left WNBC in May 1989 when his contract was not renewed. In 1990, he relocated to California where he and George Reading of KMST became the first anchor team on San Diego television station KUSI's newly-launched 10:00 p.m. newscast. After only a few months, Grimsby resigned from KUSI in February 1991. After his retirement, Grimsby returned to New York City and lived on Manhattan's Upper West Side with his wife Maria, whom he had married in 1989. On June 23, 1995, Grimsby died in Lenox Hill Hospital from complications due to advanced lung cancer, aged 66. He is buried at Park Hill Cemetery in Duluth, Minnesota. https://store.earthstation1.com/television-1988-tv-documentary-series-8-shows-4-dual-laye198884.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Golden Age Of Comedy 5 Album Set CD, MP3, USB Stick
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1921: #BOTD: #HBD! Jimmy Joyce, singer, television actor and comedian (d. March 15, 2011) is #born in Connecticut. He is best known as an actor in The Swimmer (1968), The Six Million Dollar Man (1974) and The Killers (1964). As a boy he sang in the choir of Boston's All Saints Church. He continued to sing through high school and was a featured soloist in the Coast Guard Band. After his discharge in 1945 he majored in music at Syracuse University. He attended The New England Conservatory Of Music and sang for 10 seasons with The New England Opera Company, and as a solist in The Boston Symphony. Appearing on television in a variety of character roles From the 1950s to the 1970s, he also appeared as a comic on The Tonight Show Starring Jack Paar, The Ed Sullivan Show and The Mike Douglas Show. He relased the comedy album You Don't Have To Be Irish in September of 1969. He was married to Rita Joyce. He died on March 15, 2011 in Cedar Glen, California, aged 89. His burial details are not publicly disclosed. https://store.earthstation1.com/golden-age-of-comedy-narrated-by-george-burns-5-album-set-mp3-53.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The War In Korea 2 Part TV Series w/ Kirk Douglas DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1992: #DOTD: #RIP: James Van Fleet, American general, U.S. Army officer during World War I, regimental, divisional and corps commander during World War II, and as the commanding General of U.S. Army and other United Nations forces during the Korean War, and diplomat (b. March 19, 1892) #dies in his sleep on his ranch outside Polk City, Florida six months after his 100th birthday. He was the oldest living general officer in the United States at the time of his death. Van Fleet and his wife Helen are buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Buried with them is Van Fleet's second wife, Virginia, who died in 1986. He was born James Alward Van Fleet in the Coytesville section of Fort Lee, New Jersey. Van Fleet was raised in Florida and graduated from the U.S. Military Academy. A big tough man, whose hands were "big ham hands", he was known as a General "who loved to fight". https://store.earthstation1.com/the-war-in-korea-dvd-2-part-tv-series-2-dis22.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Battle Of Guadalcanal DVD MP4 Download USB Flash Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1942: World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Asiatic-Pacific Theater, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: The South West Pacific Area (SWPA): Operation Cartwheel: The Solomon Islands Campaign: The Battle Of Guadalcanal (The Guadalcanal Campaign, Operation Watchtower): The Actions Along The Matanikau (The Matanikau Action [September 23-27 - October 6-9, 1942]): The Second Battle Of The Matanikau (The September Action [September 23-27, 1942]): -- U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River. The Actions along the Matanikau - sometimes referred to as the Second and Third Battles of the Matanikau - were two separate but related engagements, which took place in the months of September and October 1942, among a series of engagements between the United States and Imperial Japanese naval and ground forces around the Matanikau River on Guadalcanal (island in the south-western Pacific, northeast of Australia) during the Guadalcanal Campaign. These particular engagements - the first taking place between September 23 and 27, and the second between October 6 and 9 - were two of the largest and most significant of the Matanikau actions. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-battle-of-guadalcanal-dvd-mp4-download-usb-flash-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: White Cargo (1942) Hedy Lamarr Walter Pidgeon Frank Morgan DVD MP4 USB
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1897: #BOTD: #HBD! Walter Pidgeon, Canadian-American actor and singer (d. September 25, 1984) is #born Walter Davis Pidgeon in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. Walter Pidgeon earned two Academy Award for Best Actor nominations for his roles in Mrs. Miniver (1942) and Madame Curie (1943). Pidgeon also starred in many films such as How Green Was My Valley, The Bad and the Beautiful, Forbidden Planet, Advise and Consent, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Funny Girl, White Cargo and Harry in Your Pocket. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 and a Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1975. Walter Pidgeon died in Santa Monica, California, two days after his 87th birthday following a series of strokes; he died eight days after Richard Basehart, his TV counterpart in Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea. He is buried at Queen of Heaven Catholic Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois. https://store.earthstation1.com/white-cargo-dvd-hedy-lamarr-walter-pidgeon-frank-morgan.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Eyes On The Prize II: America At The Racial Crossroads DVD MP4 USB
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1911: #BOTD: #HBD! Amzie Moore, African American civil rights leader and entrepreneur in the Mississippi Delta (d. February 1, 1982) is #born on Wilkin Plantation in Grenada County, Mississippi. He helped lead voter registration efforts. His former home is a Mississippi Landmark, and a historical marker commemorates its history. It is now a museum and interpretive center. Amzie Moore died in Bolivar County Hospital in Cleveland, Mississippi of undisclosed causes, aged 70. His burial place is not publicly disclosed. https://store.earthstation1.com/eyes-on-the-prize-ii-dvd-set-4-discs-complete-2nd-seri42.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: War Props: The Ilyushin IL-2 Sturmovik DVD, MP4, USB Flash Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 22, 1916: #BOTD: #HBD! Anna Yegorova, female pilot of the Soviet Air Force during the Second World War and beauty who flew a total of 277 sorties that included liaison, reconnaissance and ground-attack missions before she became a prisoner-of-war when her Il-2 Shturmovik was shot down, awarded the title of Hero Of The Soviet Union in 1965 (d. October 29, 2009) is #born Anna Alexandrovna Timofeyeva-Yegorova into a peasant family in the village Volodovo (now in Tver Oblast). Eight of her fifteen siblings died when they were infants. Her father, Aleksandr Yegorov, fought in the First World War as well as the Russian Civil War as a Bolshevist. Combat stress and other hardships deteriorated his health, and in 1925 he died at 49 years of age. After seven years of school, Yegorova joined Mosmetrostroy, major Russian construction company, where she worked as a steelman, and then as a tiler on the construction of Krasnye Vorota station, a Moscow Metro mass rapid transit (MRT) heavy rail train station. Her construction job allowed her to study at the Mosmetrostroy aeroclub, a not-for-profit, member-run organization that provided its members with affordable access to aircraft. In 1938, she was recommended to attend the Ulyanovsk flight school of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River, but was soon expelled due to her brother's arrest as an "enemy of the people" by Soviet security forces. After her expulsion, Yegorova worked as a bookkeeper's assistant at a weaving factory in Smolensk, while tutoring members of the factory's aero club. She was then sent to attend the Kherson flight school, which she graduated from in 1939. Soon afterwards, Yegorova became a flight instructor for the Kalinin municipal aero club. After the start of Operation Barbarossa (the German invasion of the USSR), Yegorova volunteered for combat service. From 1941 to 1942, Yegorova flew 236 reconnaissance and delivery missions for the 130th Air Liaison Squadron in a Polikarpov Po-2, and was subsequently awarded the Order of the Red Banner for distinguished service. After an aircrash, which was determined, rightly or wrongly, to be due to pilot error, Yegorova was transferred to a training air regiment. In 1943, Yegorova was transferred to the 805th Attack Aviation Regiment and flew 41 missions in the Ilyushin Il-2. These missions included the battles above the Taman Peninsula, Crimea, and Poland. During a mission on August 22 1944, while in an attack formation of ten aircraft over the Magnuszew bridgehead near Warsaw, Yegorova's plane was hit by anti-aircraft fire. Her gunner, fellow female soldier Yevdokiya "Dusya" Alekseyevna Nazarkina, was killed in the attack. With her gunner killed, and the plane heavily damaged, Yegorova exited the aircraft while the plane was inverted, and suffered serious thermal burns. Yegorova's parachute only partially opened, and she was seriously wounded again upon landing. Yegorova was captured by the German Army and taken to a prisoner of war camp where her wounds were treated by Dr. Georgy Sinyakov. Back at her air base, Yegorova was presumed dead and was recommended for the title of Hero Of The Soviet Union, but she did not receive the title until 1965. On January 31, 1945, Soviet forces overran the Kustrin prisoner camp where she was being held. Yegorova was interrogated as a potential traitor for eleven days at an NKVD filtration camp for returning Soviet prisoners. Eventually, she was released from custody, but was discharged into the reserve soon after. After being discharged from the armed forces she married Vyacheslav Timofeev, the commander of her air division, and bore two sons named Pyotr and Igor. She was the subject of a feature article in the Literaturnaya Gazeta in 1961. Anna Yegorova died of natural causes in Moscow, Russian Federation, aged 93. Her burial details are not publicly disclosed. https://store.earthstation1.com/war-props-the-ilyushin-il2-sturmovik-dvd-mp4-usb-flash-dri24.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Portrait Of A White Marriage (1988) Martin Mull DVD, Download, USB
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1947: #BOTD: #HBD! Mary Kay Place, American actress, comedians, singer, director, screenwriter and beauty is #born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She is known for portraying Loretta Haggers on the television series Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, a role that won her the 1977 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series. She appeared in the cult television classics THe History Of White People In America (1985) and its follow-up Portrait Of A White Marriage (1988). Her numerous film appearances include Private Benjamin (1980), The Big Chill (1983), Captain Ron (1992) and Francis Ford Coppola's 1997 drama, The Rainmaker. Place also recorded three studio albums for Columbia Records, one in the Haggers persona, which included the Top Ten country music hit "Baby Boy." For her performance in Diane, Place won the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress. https://store.earthstation1.com/portrait-of-a-white-marriage-dvd-martin-mull-mary-kay-place.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Thousand Pieces Of Gold (1991) DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, September 23, 2025
September 23, 1957: #BOTD: #HBD! Rosalind Chao (Chinese: Zhao Jialing), American actress and beauty is #born in Anaheim, California. Chao's parents were Peking opera performers before relocating to Anaheim where they ran a successful pancake restaurant, Chao's, across the street from Disneyland, and employed her there from an early age. She attended Pomona College in Claremont, California, graduating in 1978. For some time, Chao worked at Disneyland as an international tour guide. Chao's parents were instrumental in her decision to pursue acting; she began at the age of five in a California-based Peking opera traveling company at the instigation of her parents who were already heavily involved, and during the summers they sent her to Taiwan to further develop her acting skills. As a thirteen-year-old she played the daughter of a laundry owner (played by James Hong) on the 1970 episode of Here's Lucy entitled "Lucy the Laundress". Deciding not to pursue acting, Chao enrolled in the communications department at the University of Southern California where she earned her degree in journalism. However, after spending a year as a radio newswriting intern at the CBS-owned Hollywood radio station KNX, she soon returned to acting. Her big break was with the role of Soon-Lee, a South Korean refugee, in the final episodes of the TV series M*A*S*H. Soon-Lee married longtime starring character Maxwell Klinger (Jamie Farr) in the series finale "Goodbye, Farewell and Amen", the most-watched sitcom television episode of all time (As of 2017). Chao continued playing the character in the M*A*S*H sequel: 1983's AfterMASH, her first role billed at co-starring status. Chao regularly portrayed the Japanese exo-botanist Keiko Ishikawa O'Brien on both Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine with eight appearances in the former and nineteen in the latter before DS9's end in 1999. In 2010, a preliminary casting memo for The Next Generation from 1987 was published, revealing that Chao was originally considered for the part of Enterprise security chief Tasha Yar. She starred as Lalu in the 1991 western film Thousand Pieces of Gold, costarring Chris Cooper, Dennis Dun and Michael Paul Chan, directed by Nancy Kelly. The film is based on the novel by Ruthanne Lum McCunn of the same name. In August 2018, Chao joined 2020 live-action retelling of Mulan. In 2019, Chao was invited to join the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences citing her contributions to critically acclaimed films The Joy Luck Club and I Am Sam. While working in theatre at the Mark Taper Forum, Chao met Simon Templeman; the couple would eventually marry. They have two children, a son and a daughter. https://store.earthstation1.com/thousand-pieces-of-gold-1991-dvd-rosalind-chao-chris-co1991.html